Thursday Walkabout

Thursday, June 24, 2010

The day has ended here. Gail and I both left the nursery about 5:30 as late afternoon rain poured from the sky. It is much needed and although we received much less than we hoped for, the plants look refreshed.

Each morning as we arrive and each evening just before we leave, we take a quick walk around the nursery to see what we have forgotten to pick up or never accomplished as planned. We relocate plants that customers had second thoughts about and we pick up our own trash, weeds pulled but not picked up, wind cast plant tags, miscellaneous pieces of paper that escape from customers pockets as they scrounge for something to write an idea, a plant name, an addition to the grocery list on.

Here are some examples from today's walk. Come walk with us.

This year we purchased some Japanese lilacs for resale. We have enjoyed these for years on the sharp corner entering Plainfield and Goddard College from East Montpelier. These are hardy lilacs that can reach 30 feet if not pruned. The example I cite has 30 footers hanging over Route 2 where they offer a fragrance as a greeting to the small town and college. This is a later blooming lilac which comes after our James Macfarlane or even Miss Kim lilacs. Its fragrance lures a variety of insects and its near-white blooms provide attention getters from a distance. The one pictured up top was purchased when Hillcrest Nursery went out of business two years ago. I intend to keep this one pruned to hold at about 15 feet.

There are some nice Speedwells (just below) out there and this one is named 'Aztec Gold'. It has a nice little flower and it maintains low height. Yesterday Gail planned a very nice walkway combination for a customer from Danville. She included 'Aztec Gold', some tiarellas, and Hosta venusta placed in rows, 1-2-3, 1-2-3. The tiarellas will bloom first and the flowers of the other two will compliment each other.

Gail's friend, Mark from Claussens Greenhouses, Colchester, suggested we try Scaevola aemula, Fanflower, this year in hanging baskets. Word was that this plant accepts neglect by the "I forgot to water you" crowd and that description is right on. These turned out to be big hangers with lots of color and we are happy we tried them.

This morning I noticed Scabiosa columbaria 'Butterfly Blue' beginning to flower. Nice silver dollar sized flowers with plenty of detail at catch a butterfly's attention. They will be fun to look at in another year as they increase in flower scape numbers.



Daylilies continue to bloom. Today there were 10 in bloom including 'Celebrity Elite' pictured here. A similar red, 'Red Rum' also bloomed today and made quite a contrast against a backdrop of Jersey Spider and Spellbinder orange.

Siberian irises are coming to an end--not in the world of Siberian iris or in Vermont but at our nursery. There are hundreds and hundreds on the market but this one, 'Blue Moon' has lots of potential with contrasting flower colors. They all clump well and although they do best in damp soil, they will survive and prosper in the regular garden.

As I ended my tour and made it to the front, one of my favorite hostas, Hosta 'Alex Summers' caught my attention. Mr. Summers was the founder of the American Hosta Society and every time I see this hosta I express a silent gratitude for the great plant that hosta is. Gail took one of our old watering cans and slid it into a grouping of 'Alex Summer' hostas, Dicentra 'Gold Heart', a tatting fern and a few 'Celebrity Elite'. It is a nice little display which some contrasting textures and colors that are sure to please. Do you like it?



Writing from the mountain above Peacham Pond where Karl the Wonder Dog has finally gone to sleep after barking at every fishing boat that pulled its way up the hill from the pond. Thanks for "walking" with us. If you can find a few minutes tomorrow to stop by, we can walk together in person. I'd like that!


George Africa
The Vermont Gardener
Vermont Flower Farm & Gardens where Hosta Days continues with some great sales
On Twitter as vtflowerfarm
On Facebook as Vermont Flower Farm and Gardens

It's Dry Out There!

Tuesday, June 22, 2010

A super still morning here on the mountain above Peacham Pond. 45 degrees, 98% humidity, windless, as the sun brightens the treeline. It's the second longest day of the year and of course our official "summer" has begun. Gail and I have been up since just after 4 but Karl the Wonder Dog shows no interest in long days as he snores loudly from the other room. I expect he'll hear my keystrokes in a few minutes and bound into a new day as if he is calling all the shots.

The temperatures for over five months now have been the warmest in Vermont since 1880 when official weather records started. This has really changed our summer around but we still don't know the real impact. The heat has required us to water the hostas in the garden more often as rain has been a missing commodity. The potted plants have to be watered every other day and the garden plants are getting to where I need to make a decision. The rows of zinnias, a flower which generally thrives on heat, have been watered regularly and they are still not meeting my expectation. Dry springs and early summers are a problem.

Sedums and the various succulents do well despite the heat and Gail has added to her small collection in recent years. As rock gardens regain popularity in America and as people travel more, the interest in these plants increases and garden centers and box stores add to their offerings. These are easy to grow plants most of which maintain their composure in your garden and offer flowers to brighten dry areas. Here are a few examples of flowers.

Glover, Vermont is the home of the famous Bread and Puppet Theater, some fine Vermont scenery and Labor of Love Landscaping and Nursery. Kate Butler offers a nice collection of sempervivums (hens and chickens) and many fine potted plants. I haven't stopped in a couple years but if you have an interest in sempervivums, you'll enjoy the collection. The local grocery store is a great place for fresh meat, a nice sandwich or a kid's delight as there are hundreds of examples of taxidermy including some full sized mounts of Vermont's largest mammals like bear, deer and moose. It's a Northeast Kingdom country store with a museum overtone.

Over the next year I want to build a sedum garden near the parking lot but in the meantime stop by and see what we have to offer. Gail is pleased with how the plants look this year as the pots are overflowing and the colors are nice. Picture updates tomorrow.

Writing from the mountain where the sun and the thermometer are now rising together. Out and about today? Stop by 2263 US 2 in Marshfield and say hello! Good gardeners love to share plants that tolerate sun.

George Africa
The Vermont Gardener
Vermont Flower Farm
Find us on Facebook at Vermont Flower Farm & Gardens
Tweets via vtflowerfarm. Gardeners enjoy social networking too!

Yellows Are Fine

Saturday, June 19, 2010

54 degrees here this morning and a tad foggy. The back door just slammed as Gail and Karl the Wonder Dog headed out for a walk. We have to get to the nursery early today to get an order ready so Gail has been up and about since before 5. Karl will take his walk and go back to bed. W
ish I could do that too as yesterday's heat was a bit much.

As Gail was shuffling some displays around yesterday she brought some Trollius 'Pritchard's Giant' over next to the various Siberian iris. This contrast was excellent and served as reminder that I wanted to comment on how I use them in the hosta garden.

There are many trollius and we like them all. (Except 'Alabaster' which is a little "iffy" here). They handle full sun well as they belong to the buttercup group. Actually they do best I think in a little light shade and a damp condition. This means they grow well on the perimeter of your typical hosta garden. I especially like Pritchard's Giant because the blooms are 2 to 2.5 inches in diameter and as with all the trollius they bloom for a long time. In the case of PG, the 28" height is perfect when planting with small and medium sized hostas.

Here are some Pritchard's Giant images to get an idea. Many of these are beginning to go by but are still a good representation of the bloom.

Siberian iris work well with trollius because they can handle the same conditions. Although Siberians do best where the sun is good and the ground in damp or even moist, trollius will match the environment as long as the sunlight remains good. This is important in Vermont where sunlight is at a premium.

I have mixed trollius with hostas and like the contrast. I have recently added yellow ninebark (just below and available at nursery) which I'll keep trimmed to three feet. The Siberian iris will come next year, especially the yellows, to the new hosta display garden and I'm hoping this year's planting of Honey Locust seedlings will find me with some better looking whips and eventually mature yellow locust trees.

For right now I am mixing a few hosta yellows such as Piedmont Gold, Lemon Lime, August Moon, Sunpower, Platinum Tiara, Amber Tiara, Golden Scepter and Summer Music. Here are pictures of the first two I mention.

Well, Gail and Karl are already back so it's a quick breakfast and out the door. If you are sliding by Route 2 today and have a minute, stop and see us. If you cannot stop, give us a toot of friendly gardening encouragement. The Cabot Library is sponsoring an 8 garden tour today starting at 11 with tickets available at the library. While in Cabot stop at the Cabot Creamery and get some cheese. Best there is......like flowers from Vermont Flower Farm!

George Africa
The Vermont Gardener
Vermont Flower Farm
On Facebook at Vermont Flower Farm and Gardens
On Twitter as vtflowerfarm

Hosta Days continues. Great sales, maybe even some things you haven't seen before!

Late Walk

Tuesday, June 15, 2010

46 degrees here on the mountain, 29.64 on the barometer and windless which I like. Gail just brought Karl the Wonder Dog back from a morning walk during which he offered a not so welcome morning bark to neighbor Michelle's new puppy. Older dogs and younger dogs sometimes need a period of socialization before greetings are amicable.

Returned home yesterday from a long day at the nursery and decided I needed a walk through the gardens here at the house. A machete would have been an appropriate companion as I just cannot find the time to continue to develop a 5 acre nursery and maintain what we had going for twenty years here at the house. Hidden among two years accumulation of weeds that represent my absence from here grow some very nice perennials. I had plans for returning the gardens to their previous glory but have found once again that it's not that easy to hire people who have gardening skills and can work independently. Sometime this summer I still have hope that we can get this mess squared away.

When we moved here in 1989, Gail brought a number of rugosa roses. The single and double pinks are in bloom right now and the fragrance is beautiful. I miss the old William Baffin that lived with us for perhaps 15 years before the red vole population found Baffin roots good winter food. It died over just one winter.

The Siberian irises as well as the tall bearded irises are in bloom. The blue Siberian, Double Delight, has always been popular and Gail has sold off too many to the point that they need to be lined out again. There is no impressive lineage with this one but it is a blue that beckons visitors to walk to it and comment and ask for it. Gail has been known to give a piece to even unknown friends who she liked but it's to the point now where the five gallon pot at the nursery needs a sharp knife and subdivision. I think I planted a few down along the far fence row but they too are hidden in swamp weeds.

The are a bazillion tall bearded iris on the market now and my Facebook page has a couple friends who are excellent iris hybridizers. Our garden contains hand me downs but in their way, each has merit. No ruffles or multiple colors like we see being released to the market now but still quite nice.

I receive lots of comments and questions about iris and even yesterday two customers asked why their tall bearded iris failed. I remind people that soil heavy in organic and water retaining materials is not good for tall bearded iris but often gardeners can't make the distinction between when poor soils are really better. I have a memory of our first house in Vermont that was ringed in a row of blue iris. The soil around the home was about as bad as it gets but my father often took out the shovel and just rooted up a couple shovelfuls for any friend who liked them. Within a year the holes were filled in and with no care they still prospered. If you are interested in iris, try the American Iris Society.



Finally I noticed the lupines and great orange poppies last night. The poppies were just beginning to close as they do each night but the lupines, stood tall and obvious, having self seeded from we don't remember where. Gardeners love lupines but they have an aphid (the lupines, not the gardeners!) specific to themselves and as such lupines are made for planting where you can see their color from afar but not their bug infestations from close up. I have given away lots of lupine seed over the years and like hollyhock seed which now grows in other gardeners beds, I can recognize customer's gardens as I drive around the county. Sometimes even the most common of flowers make people happy!


Writing from the mountain above Peacham Pond where Gail is stirring madly on a bowl of some (?) coffee cake recipe. She will manage the nursery today while I wait for the oil burner service person to show for our annual furnace cleaning. I see lots and lots of female gardeners but have never met a female oil burner technician. Why?

George Africa
The Vermont Gardener
Vermont Flower Farm
See us on Facebook as Vermont Flower Farm & Gardens; also as just plain George Africa
Daily tweets on Twitter as vtflowerfarm

Rusty At The Nursery

Sunday, June 13, 2010

It was quite a day at the nursery today. I got started early hoping to get everything set up for the day before Gail arrived. Just after I opened the gates, neighbor Gerry drove in for a chat followed by a van from Maine and two shoppers. They said they had been here last week and were back for more hostas. By now I have forgotten where they live as their last name was Gray which is also a town in Maine, not too far from Naples where I think they said they lived. I'll find out next time as they said they would be back again soon. Regardless, they picked out more hostas and some pots of rosemary and headed home about the same time Mike and Michelle arrived with Rusty, the Jack Russell. Rusty likes to visit as our 5 acre field is fertile ground for a hunting dog who has no fear of woodchucks and likes the speed of a red vole.

Rusty got a good run and as we regrouped under a shade house, he seemed intrigued by the John Deere 320 that we brought down and placed on exhibit yesterday. Mike put Rusty up on the seat and he immediately sniffed out an empty dashboard socket still waiting for a new instrument. Apparently a field mouse had climbed the tractor and entered the engine compartment through the hole and Rusty wanted to pursue it. I finally climbed aboard to slow him down a little and Michelle snapped a few shots of the two of us. I'm especially grateful to Mike for his flawless work rehabbing this old tractor to the point that it runs like a top. I also appreciate having a free hunter visit each weekend to help with rodent control. The fact that Rusty likes the tractor too is a bonus.

As the day progressed there was interest in the Siberian irises. I could really go crazy with these as they are so beautiful. Each bud only blooms for a couple days and many customers won't buy anything that isn't in bloom. This one is Sugar and Cream which has been on the market for some time but sure is an eye catcher. I sold a customer three last night and two people bought them today including friend Eric from Massachusetts by way of his camp in Groton, VT. Eric described winter losses at his camp and these were consistent with what many gardeners have reported to me except that he lost some Lilium canadense too. Usually I remind people that canadense often takes a break for a summer or two but the loss Eric described sounded more like the work of voles or moles to me as his loss was excessive.

Customers were consistent until just after 4 PM so I had more time to weed out some more daylily beds. I am not certain I'll get everything cleaned up before the heavy bloom starts in 2-3 weeks but I am trying. Poor soil really does breed good weeds and getting out a well fertilized dandelion growing in the middle of a clump of three year old daylilies is a challenge. I'll be back to the same task tomorrow morning!

Writing from the mountain above Peacham Pond where tall bearded iris and peonies add beautiful colors to hosta scapes and trollius, sweet williams and spirea blooms, rugosa roses and bachelor buttons, violas and daylilies.

George Africa
The Vermont Gardener
Vermont Flower Farm
On Facebook as Vermont Flower Farm and Gardens
On Facebook as a personal page where blogs also land: George Africa
On twitter as vtflowerfarm

Hostas Days Begins!

Friday June 11, 2010

6 AM and still clouded over, 51 degrees, 98% humidity, 29.70 on the barometer and windless. When I checked the rain gauge last night there was almost an inch of new water so that's almost 3" in 5 days. Today is supposed to be clear but another front is coming in and rain is expected again this weekend.

Rainy days often keep gardeners away from the nursery unless they are dedicated or bored. Last night 12 ladies from a Circle of Friends group that reaches from Burlington and Williston to Barre and Williamstown visited Vermont Flower Farm in Muck boots and crocs and carrying all color and size of umbrella. They came prepared and I think enjoyed what they saw despite the rain. I offered to show them our new hosta and shade garden which continues under construction for now its second year. In the top image the new garden is on the right just behind my tractor. The garden on the left is a new daylily garden where I have lined out quick sellers such as Red Ribbons, Tetrina's Daughter, Valley Monster, Orange Vols and Wayside King Royal. That garden is also planted with annuals such as giant cactus flowered zinnias and cosmos.

If you remember some previous posts about this new garden I started out with removing all the weeds and swamp grasses from an area of about 3000 square feet. The front of the area accepts water run off from the adjacent slope so I had to trench the runoff into a settling pool and accept the fact that an eighth of the new garden would have to be used for plants that can tolerate lots of moisture.

I had access to hundreds of burlap bags from a Vermont coffee company so I laid them down for further weed control as I planted. My plan was to cover the bags with maple leaves and wood chips as I planted so moisture would be retained and weed control would be easier. My most recent accomplishment has been covering the bags that form the paths.

Just down Route 2 a couple miles from the nursery is a quarry that crushes granite into stay mat. Stay mat is a common name for crushed rock material that includes an assortment of fines which help the entire mass pack down like concrete. The granite stay mat is less expensive than shale stay mat which I would have preferred but in my situation granite is a good start. It costs $13.65 a yard and is closer by so less transport cost for my limited budget. This stone material is very heavy and it's a job best left to a tractor whenever possible. It's the same material I have used in the parking lot and under all the plant display areas and inside the shade houses. It rakes over easily when fresh and begins to pack as rain falls or you resort to a hose.

Just below is a picture as I started to lay out one path. Big blocks of the same eye catching daylily variety form the garden's border on the left and three varieties of maples and a few lindens are joined by 6 katsuras, 6 yellow ninebarks and some small (very small!) yellow locusts. The natural backdrop to this garden is box elders, a tree belonging to the maple family and one I don't care for. Let's just say the area is in transition and the trees while change over time.

I have the main walkway artery designed to accommodate folks who use scooters or power chairs for travel. That's not possible yet as the work is in progress and the paths aren't packed yet but that is the plan. More slender paths allow those with easier access a chance for different views now but over time I will insure that access is equal for everyone. This is a challenge because the garden is more than a hundred yards from our main display area and down a fairly steep bank. As with everything I do there is a remedy in mind, slowed only by one man's energy, time and money.

Two years ago I explained the plan to a customer and she returned yesterday. Her first response was to the amount of work I had accomplished in such a short amount of time but there was an air of misconception in her reaction. She had purchased a number of hostas during her last visit and I gave my customary "here's how to get them growing as efficiently as possible" speech. When she looked at the new garden she was in awe over what she felt were one gallon pots of hosta like she bought growing to mature garden giants in one year. I corrected the observation and rehashed my method of using Epsom salt and fish emulsion with kelp to encourage my plants along. I added that some use lots of triple phosphate but I try to steer clear of that fertilizer because in my opinion it changes the leaf color.


There's a lot of work left with the paths but they should be settled within the week if the rain gives me a break and I don't run out of stay mat. I have that feeling of conflict going on where I'd really like to get the paths done but I'd also like to have so many customers show up that I'd be forced into customer service and grabbing money and loading cars. We'll see what happens.


Over the next couple years I think the garden will mature nicely and the view to and from the parking area will be sufficient to entice new arrivals to want to come see what's going on. if you like hostas and other shade plants, stop by for a visit. There's lots to see!


Writing from the mountain above Peacham Pond where the sky is clearing already and there's promise of a nice Friday. Rain gear and umbrellas should be packed in the car if you're heading anywhere this weekend. We hope Vermont Flower Farm is on your list as Hosta Days begins today with some special prices! Have to get going to the nursery.......

George Africa
The Vermont Gardener
Vermont Flower Farm
On Facebook at Vermont Flower Farm and Gardens
Also on Facebook as George Africa--take a look!
Frequent tweets on Twitter as vtflowerfarm

Blue Colors, Bright Morning

Wednesday, June 9, 2010

A beautiful morning here on the mountain. 38.5 degrees so no frost last night despite the warning. A brownish red doe deer is walking through the lower garden as I write, one ear tipped to the side to try to ascertain where the keyboarding noise is coming from. I wonder where she left her new fawn? It's hidden away someplace and it will be a few weeks before she will bring it out to visit.

I haven't made it to the nursery yet to see how cold it got in the cold pocket on the north side but I suspect it is fine. Also haven't been out for a walk with Karl the Wonder Dog as he is making a slow recovery from his latest ailment and although a little perkier, he is yet to start bugging me for a walk.

This is the time of spring when colors begin to mix and change from day to day. The peonies are coming on but the lack of a bazillion buds like last year is reminder to my negligence last year when I failed to weed around them and fertilize. If you have peonies and want good bloom remember that the root should never be more than 1.5" below the surface and the plants should be kept free of weeds. They also need to be fertilized as they grow bigger and need good water in mid August when they set bud for the following year. Last summer I was working two jobs and rebuilding Gail's mother's house for sale and things like peonies never made the priority list.

Perennial bachelors buttons are out now and they are a nice blue color that works well with many other flowers. I don't really like this plant because towards the end of the first bloom they get scraggly and sometimes during wet spring seasons succumb to fungal problems. If you cut the entire plant back right after it blooms the first time it will regrow quickly and bloom some more. I like plants that show more independence--kind of like telling the kid that wants another pay raise that yes, the plant he just pulled up was another hosta....just as I had reminded yesterday and the day before.

I said earlier this week that I would pay tribute to the farmers and suppliers who contributed to Saturday night's localvore at the Marshfield Inn and Motel. Friends Tracey and Diana did a terrific job and local chef Tony Martinez brought it all to plate. They were bright stars that night just as the peonies of various shades of red stand strong among the blue bachelor buttons on this bright June morning. Enjoy today!


Localvore contributors included: crostini from Elmore Mtn Bakery, bacon and pork loin from the Cleary Family Farm in Plainfield, asparagus from Annie on Hollister Hill, eggs with beautiful dark yokes from Anna Marie Clark in Cabot, goat cheese from Vermont Butter and Cheese, crisp greens from Justin Kevnal, also from Hollister Hill, tofu and soy milk from Vermont Soy in Hardwick, cream from Butterworks Farm, mushrooms, ever so tasty, from Wild Side of Vermont/Wild Branch in Craftsbury, rhubarb from the front garden at Marshfield Inn, potatoes from Chappells in Williamstown, chives from Chef Tony's own garden, basil from Mimi Arnstein at Wellspring Farm, Marshfield, and early spring vegetables from Pete's Greens in Craftsbury.

Writing from the mountain above Peacham Pond where the doe is gone but the ravens are fighting at the compost pile. How can you get excited about strawberry parings?

George Africa
The Vermont Gardener
Vermont Flower Farm where Hosta 'June' is on sale for $12 a gallon pot
On Facebook at Vermont Flower Farm and Gardens, and as just me, George Africa
Almost ready for morning Tweets on Twitter as vtflowerfarm
Find us, join us, come visit!

First Daylilies

Tuesday, June 8, 2010

Just back from a morning walk with Karl the Wonder Dog. He was feeling poorly last night and this morning he was eating grass during our walk. If you have a dog you know what this means. He's seven years old and what he thinks he can eat and what he should eat are two different things. Kind of like older people.

It's a beautiful morning out there. 40 degrees and motionless. The small birds of the woods are in conversation. As much as I wish I knew these birds I have never had anyone around to teach me their names and calls. Warblers prevail here but they hide well. They must take music lessons from a very good voice instructor at an early age as their songs are so beautiful.

Gail made me laugh last night as she pulled a Vermonter trick and as soon as she got out of the car on return from the nursery she walked straight to the lawn mower, pulled the cord and mowed for a tank and a half. I guess she bored of waiting for me to catch up with the high grass. As I prepared dinner I could see her following the mower through hidden rows within our old flower gardens. It must be a genetic thing as her dad did the same thing at age 80 when Gail's mom instructed him to weed the flower garden and he knew the ground was too far away from his finger tips. Gail said later that she wanted an easy way to go look at the various lupines at the far end of a row.

Up top is a picture of the daylily known to many as 'lemon lily'. I took this picture last July 9th at the nursery with a bleeding heart in the background, still in bloom. Things are much different this year after one of the warmest Mays in history that arrived with snow and presented repetitive storms on Mothers Day weekend and the week before. Despite the snow the month still averaged quite warm. This year the bleeding hearts are about done and other daylilies such as Corky and Jersey Spider are already (oddly) budded out.

Lemon lilies typically are the first to bloom here in New England. They arrive on tall, thin scapes and bloom nocturnally causing fragrant notice to happy gardeners because they open with a light perfume that makes gardeners smile.

During this morning's walk I noticed three different trollius continue to bloom here although only Pritchard's Giant remains in bloom at the nursery. The difference between elevations of 1530 feet (here at house) and 780 feet (at nursery by river) must make the difference. The trollius are a nice companion to lemon lilies and the yellows that some gardeners report being bored of are actually complimentary.

As well as the lemon lilies, lupines and trollius, the gardens are beginning to brighten with Oriental poppies, perennial bachelors buttons, lots of peonies, Siberian iris in shades of blue, purple and yellow, and tall bearded iris in various colors. Some late blooming scilla bulbs continue to bloom on old flower bed borders and the entire area surrounding the house is perfumed with the fragrance of the lilac Miss Kim. I like this lilac a lot, Gail doesn't and neither of us have taken to pruning it back away from the walkway......perhaps a ruthless job for Alex but not until the shrub is past bloom time.

I have to get moving here as I need to get back to my job at the new hosta garden at the nursery. I toiled for 6 hours yesterday putting stay mat down for new garden paths. This is crushed granite and granite dust and even with the tractor it is very heavy. Gail has the Vermont Farm Bureau coming next week to do an article on Vermont Flower Farm and I want to have the old John Deere and plow moved down and on display as it's such a treat. Cannot make the move until I use the brush hog to trim the fields and woods roads here at the house. Boy it's going to be a busy day!

Out an about today? Stop by Vermont Flower Farm and see what's going on. I may not be there but Gail will be for sure.


Writing from the mountian above Peacham Pond where a boisterous loon just flew over the house heading for Osmore Pond. After 20 years I could be a flight director for this bird simply by the direction of their calls.

George Africa
The Vermont Gardener
Vermont Flower Farm
On Facebook as Vermont Flower Farm and Gardens. Sign up....click "Like" Also on a personal page, George Africa, where every The Vermont Gardener blog appears as soon as it is written.
On Twitter as vtflowerfarm